What kind of tissue brings about movement in animals

Cuboidal epithelial cells are cube-shaped with a single, central nucleus. They are most-commonly found in a single layer, such as a simple epithelia in glandular tissues throughout the body where they prepare and secrete glandular material.

They are also found in the walls of tubules and in the ducts of the kidney and liver. Cuboidal epithelia : Simple cuboidal epithelial cells line tubules in the mammalian kidney where they are involved in filtering the blood. Columnar epithelial cells are taller than they are wide: they resemble a stack of columns in an epithelial layer.

They are most-commonly found in a single-layer arrangement. The nuclei of columnar epithelial cells in the digestive tract appear to be lined up at the base of the cells. These cells absorb material from the lumen of the digestive tract and prepare it for entry into the body through the circulatory and lymphatic systems.

Columnar epithelia : Simple columnar epithelial cells absorb material from the digestive tract. The nuclei line up at the base of the cells. Goblet cells secret mucous into the digestive tract lumen. Columnar epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract appear to be stratified. However, each cell is attached to the base membrane of the tissue and, therefore, they are simple tissues.

The nuclei are arranged at different levels in the layer of cells, making it appear as though there is more than one layer. This is called pseudostratified, columnar epithelia. This cellular covering has cilia at the apical, or free, surface of the cells.

The cilia enhance the movement of mucous and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract, helping to protect the system from invasive microorganisms and harmful material that has been breathed into the body.

Goblet cells are interspersed in some tissues such as the lining of the trachea. The goblet cells contain mucous that traps irritants, which, in the case of the trachea, keep these irritants from getting into the lungs.

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia : Pseudostratified columnar epithelia line the respiratory tract. They exist in one layer, but the arrangement of nuclei at different levels makes it appear that there is more than one layer. Transitional or uroepithelial cells appear only in the urinary system, primarily in the bladder and ureter.

These cells are arranged in a stratified layer, but they have the capability of appearing to pile up on top of each other in a relaxed, empty bladder. As the urinary bladder fills, the epithelial layer unfolds and expands to hold the volume of urine introduced into it; the lining becomes thinner.

In other words, the tissue transitions from thick to thin. Connective tissue is found throughout the body, providing support and shock absorption for tissues and bones. Connective tissues are composed of a matrix consisting of living cells and a non-living substance, called the ground substance.

The ground substance is composed of an organic substance usually a protein and an inorganic substance usually a mineral or water. The principal cell of connective tissues is the fibroblast, an immature connective tissue cell that has not yet differentiated. This cell makes the fibers found in nearly all of the connective tissues.

Fibroblasts are motile, able to carry out mitosis, and can synthesize whichever connective tissue is needed. Macrophages, lymphocytes, and, occasionally, leukocytes can be found in some of the tissues, while others may have specialized cells.

The matrix in connective tissues gives the tissue its density. When a connective tissue has a high concentration of cells or fibers, it has a proportionally-less-dense matrix. The organic portion, or protein fibers, found in connective tissues are either collagen, elastic, or reticular fibers.

Collagen fibers provide strength to the tissue, preventing it from being torn or separated from the surrounding tissues. Elastic fibers are made of the protein elastin; this fiber can stretch to one and one half of its length, returning to its original size and shape. Elastic fibers provide flexibility to the tissues. Reticular fibers, the third type of protein fiber found in connective tissues, consist of thin strands of collagen that form a network of fibers to support the tissue and other organs to which it is connected.

Loose connective tissue, also called areolar connective tissue, has a sampling of all of the components of a connective tissue. Loose connective tissue has some fibroblasts, although macrophages are present as well. Collagen fibers are relatively wide and stain a light pink, while elastic fibers are thin and stain dark blue to black. The space between the formed elements of the tissue is filled with the matrix. The material in the connective tissue gives it a loose consistency similar to a cotton ball that has been pulled apart.

Loose connective tissue is found around every blood vessel, helping to keep the vessel in place. The tissue is also found around and between most body organs. In summary, areolar tissue is tough, yet flexible, and comprises membranes. Loose connective tissue : Loose connective tissue is composed of loosely-woven collagen and elastic fibers. The fibers and other components of the connective tissue matrix are secreted by fibroblasts.

Fibrous connective tissues contain large amounts of collagen fibers and few cells or matrix material. The fibers can be arranged irregularly or regularly with the strands lined up in parallel. Epithelial cells often acquire additional specialisation as gland cells, which can secrete substances at the epithelial surface. Sometimes a portion of the epithelial tissue folds inward, and a multicellular gland is formed.

This is glandular epithelium. Blood is a type of connective tissue. Now, let us look at this type of tissue in some more detail. The cells of connective tissue are loosely spaced and embedded in an intercellular matrix.

The matrix may be jelly like, fluid, dense or rigid. The nature of matrix differs in concordance with the function of the particular connective tissue. Take a drop of blood on a slide and observe different cells present in it under a microscope Blood has a fluid liquid matrix called plasma , in which red blood cells RBCs , white blood cells WBCs and platelets are suspended.

The plasma contains proteins, salts and hormones. Blood flows and transports gases, digested food, hormones and waste materials to different parts of the body.

Bone is another example of a connective tissue. It forms the framework that supports the body. It also anchors the muscles and supports the main organs of the body. It is a strong and nonflexible tissue. Bone cells are embedded in a hard matrix that is composed of calcium and phosphorus compounds.

Two bones can be connected to each other by another type of connective tissue called the ligament. This tissue is very elastic.

It has considerable strength. Ligaments contain very l ittle matrix. Tendons connect muscles to bones and are another type of connective tissue. Tendons are fibrous tissue with great strength but limited flexibility. Another type of connective tissue, cartilage , has widely spaced cells. The solid matrix is composed of proteins and sugars. Cartilage smoothens bone surfaces at joints and is also present in the nose, ear, trachea and larynx.

We can fold the cartilage of the ears, but we cannot bend the bones in our arms. Think of how the two tissues are different! Areolar connective tissue is found between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves and in the bone marrow. Conducts messages from one part of the body to another. Looking to do well in your science exam? Learn from an expert tutor. Book a free class! Solution : Carries oxygen around your body - Blood tissue.

Brings about movements in animals - Muscular tissue Transports food to different parts of plant - Phloem. Conducts messages from one part of the body to another - Nervous tissue.

Set your child up for success with Lido, book a class today! Maths Class 6 Class 7 Class 8. A pathologist is a medical doctor or veterinarian who has specialized in the laboratory detection of disease in animals, including humans. These professionals complete medical school education and follow it with an extensive post-graduate residency at a medical center. A pathologist may oversee clinical laboratories for the evaluation of body tissue and blood samples for the detection of disease or infection.

They examine tissue specimens through a microscope to identify cancers and other diseases. Some pathologists perform autopsies to determine the cause of death and the progression of disease. There are three types of muscle in animal bodies: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac.

They differ by the presence or absence of striations or bands, the number and location of nuclei, whether they are voluntarily or involuntarily controlled, and their location within the body. Table 3 summarizes these differences.

Smooth muscle does not have striations in its cells. It has a single, centrally located nucleus, as shown in Figure Constriction of smooth muscle occurs under involuntary, autonomic nervous control and in response to local conditions in the tissues. Smooth muscle tissue is also called non-striated as it lacks the banded appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscle. The walls of blood vessels, the tubes of the digestive system, and the tubes of the reproductive systems are composed of mostly smooth muscle.

Skeletal muscle has striations across its cells caused by the arrangement of the contractile proteins actin and myosin. These muscle cells are relatively long and have multiple nuclei along the edge of the cell. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary, somatic nervous system control and is found in the muscles that move bones. Figure 12 illustrates the histology of skeletal muscle.

Cardiac muscle, shown in Figure 12, is found only in the heart. Like skeletal muscle, it has cross striations in its cells, but cardiac muscle has a single, centrally located nucleus. Cardiac muscle is not under voluntary control but can be influenced by the autonomic nervous system to speed up or slow down. An added feature to cardiac muscle cells is a line than extends along the end of the cell as it abuts the next cardiac cell in the row.

This line is called an intercalated disc: it assists in passing electrical impulse efficiently from one cell to the next and maintains the strong connection between neighboring cardiac cells. Smooth muscle cells do not have striations, while skeletal muscle cells do. Cardiac muscle cells have striations, but, unlike the multinucleate skeletal cells, they have only one nucleus. Cardiac muscle tissue also has intercalated discs, specialized regions running along the plasma membrane that join adjacent cardiac muscle cells and assist in passing an electrical impulse from cell to cell.

Nervous tissues are made of cells specialized to receive and transmit electrical impulses from specific areas of the body and to send them to specific locations in the body. The main cell of the nervous system is the neuron, illustrated in Figure The large structure with a central nucleus is the cell body of the neuron.

Projections from the cell body are either dendrites specialized in receiving input or a single axon specialized in transmitting impulses. Some glial cells are also shown. Astrocytes regulate the chemical environment of the nerve cell, and oligodendrocytes insulate the axon so the electrical nerve impulse is transferred more efficiently.

Other glial cells that are not shown support the nutritional and waste requirements of the neuron. Some of the glial cells are phagocytic and remove debris or damaged cells from the tissue. A nerve consists of neurons and glial cells. Answer the question s below to see how well you understand the topics covered in the previous section. This short quiz does not count toward your grade in the class, and you can retake it an unlimited number of times.

Use this quiz to check your understanding and decide whether to 1 study the previous section further or 2 move on to the next section. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Module Animal Diversity. Search for:. Animal Primary Tissues Discuss the tissue structures found in animals The tissues of multicellular, complex animals are four primary types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Learning Objectives Discuss the complex tissue structure found in animals Describe epithelial tissues Discuss the different types of connective tissues in animals Describe three types of muscle tissues Describe nervous tissue.

Watch a presentation by biologist E. Wilson on the importance of diversity. Practice Question Which of the following statements about types of epithelial cells is false?

Simple columnar epithelial cells line the tissue of the lung. Simple cuboidal epithelial cells are involved in the filtering of blood in the kidney. Pseudostratisfied columnar epithilia occur in a single layer, but the arrangement of nuclei makes it appear that more than one layer is present. Transitional epithelia change in thickness depending on how full the bladder is.

Show Answer Statement d is false. Click through the interactive review to learn more about epithelial tissues. Pathologist A pathologist is a medical doctor or veterinarian who has specialized in the laboratory detection of disease in animals, including humans.

Diagram of a neuron. Licenses and Attributions. CC licensed content, Original.